Box 59, Item 682: Notes and cuttings on Franz Brentano

Title

Box 59, Item 682: Notes and cuttings on Franz Brentano

Subject

Handwritten and typescript notes. Includes copies of published works by other authors

Description

Published works redacted from access file (PDF) due to copyright restrictions. Title in collection finding aid: Manilla Folder - Brentano - Better, = Correct Pref. RS: many v. misc ms notes on Brentano (but also other topics: including Broad on Sidgwick).

Creator

Source

The University of Queensland's Richard Sylvan Papers UQFL291, Box 59, Item 682

Contributor

This item was identified for digitisation at the request of The University of Queensland's 2020 Fryer Library Fellow, Dr. N.A.J. Taylor.

Rights

For all enquiries about this work, please contact the Fryer Library, The University of Queensland Library.

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[37] leaves. 14.09 MB.

Type

Manuscript

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The following has been redacted from access file (PDF) due to copyright restrictions.

Annotated photocopy of twenty-five pages from McAlister L (1982) The development of Franz

Bretano's ethics, Rodopi, 78-129, 154-155. (13 leaves)

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Brentano could hardly have reMaLned
LndLscrLMi,nate

apptaudLng

u~ LlLtarLanLsM

(such

as

of

pte.3sures

BenthaM's);

Lntellectually
or

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coMfortabLe
E>nJc, Hon

wLth
of

stLl,I, 1,ess coutd /4e ever ctLMb down to a

MaterLal,LstLc eMpLrLcLsM whLch reMoved entLreLy the LdeaLLsM of CathoLLcLsM.
though

a

strong

eMpLrLcLst

pas Lt Lon

one.

of C~ ~~ i..c eMp_i..: i..c LsM i,s .3n uns t.3b Le one_ Bren t.3no ach i,eved so Me

teMporary stabi..LLty by
spLrLtual

So

drLve Ls at work Ln Brentano, whLch Ls ManLfested

especLaLLy Ln hLs exLstentLaL reductLon prograM, Lt Ls a heavLLy qualLfLed
The

the

reaLM,

where

a

two
God

world

dLstLnctLon,

between

theoretLcaL

or

was the greatest good, and a practLcaL or secular

reaLM, where utLLLtarLanLsM prevaLLed. The utLLLtarLan
greatest practLcaL good.

a

recLpe

appLLed

to

the

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The correctness of loving and hating, like that of
truly, or correctly, then the hypothetical judgment bejudging, is objective in that it' is impossible for anyone to
comes: "He apodictically rejects judgers who are both
correctly what anyone else hat.es correctly or to love
love
disjuncThe
correct A-acceptors and correct B-rejectors."
what anyone else hates incorrectly.
incorrectly
there
or
A's
are
there
either
that
judges
"He
tive judgment
Ethics must make use of the comparative concept bet•
are B's" could then become "He apodictically . rejects
~ ;11r\ ter than, for which there is no analogue in the theory of
judgers who are both correct A-rejectors and correct B1
. ~ ) knowledge. "A is better than B," according to Brentano,
rej:.!ctors."
h..1 ,- • means that it is correct to prefer A, as an end, to B.
The philosophical consequences of this nonpropositionEvidence and truth. Brentano's views on evidence and
~___,.al theory of judgment are far-reaching. One consequence is
· truth may be found in the posthumously published
~
an interpretation of Kant's dictum that "existence" is not a
Wahrheit und Evidenz (Oskar Kraus, ed., Leipzig, W30).
(
predicate. According to Brentano, when we say that A
The distinction between judging on the basis of evidence
'exist:
of
attribute
an
exists, "it is not the conjunction of
and judging "blindly" is not to be described in terms of
ence' with 'A,' but 'A' itself which we affirm." The word
instinct, feelings, degree of convictio.n, or impulse to be"exists" is a synsemantic tern1 that is used to express the
lieve. We arrive at the general concept of being evident,
act of judgment.
according to Brentano, in the same way we arrive at the
All of the doctrines set forth above fall within the provconcept of a correct emotion: by contemplating actual
Unpsychology.
ince of what Brentano called descriptive
instances of the concept, in this case actual instances of
and
genetic
ng
psychology-includi
experimental
like
evident judgments and of blind judgments.
physiological psychology-descrip tive psychology, accordEvery evident judgment is either directly or indirectly
ing to Brentano, is an exact science, capable of arriving at
if a judgment is indirectly evident, tts evidence is
evident;
laws that hold true universally and not merely . "for the
ultimately, by judgments that are directly eviconferred,
even
is
and
philosophy
all
for
basis
most part." It is the
dent. Directly evident judgments are of two kinds. First,
capable of providing a characteristica universalis of the
there are the judgments of "inner perception," such as the
sort that Leibniz had conceived. J)escriptive psychology is
that I am now judging in a certain way, that I
judgments
closely related to what Husser! was to call phenomenolsuch-and-such, that I think I remember so-andsee
to
seem
from
Vienna
in
ogy. Husser! had studied with Brentano
so. Second, there are judgments of reason or insights (Ei111884 to 1886, when Brentano used the expression besichten), such as the judgments that two things are more
schreibende Phiinomenologie ("descriptive phenomenolthan one thing; that that which is red is, as such, other than
ogy") as an alternative name for descriptive psychology.
that ·which is green; that there cannot be a triangle with
of
doctrine
Brentano's
(Husser! later wrote that without
four sides; or that a whole cannot exist if its parts do not
intentionality, "phenomenology could not have come into
exist.
being at all.") Brentano's conception of psychology has led
Every judgment that is evident is true, but not every
some of his critics to accuse him of what Frege and Husthat is true is evident. Most judgments of "outer
judgment
does
serl called psychologism. However, this accusation
(of the external world), Brentano believed, are
perception"
his
and
evidence
of
theory
Brentano's
account
not take into
true, but all of them are "blind"; they are not evident. He
moral philosophy, both of which he took to be branches of
argued, howeve r, that the hypoth esis of a three-dimendescriptive psychology.
sional external world , with its familiar details concerning
Moral philosophy. Brentano's ethical views are set forth
physical bodies, has an "infinitely greater probability"
ed.,
3d
1889;
(Leipzig,
Erkenntnis
in Ursprung sittlicher
than any of its alternative s. Judgments based on memory,
Oskar Kraus, ed., 1934), translated by Cecil Hague as The
too, are "blind"; but many of them confirm each other, and
Origin of Our Knowledge of Right and Wrong (London,
they are worthy of our confide nce.
1902), and in Grundlegung und Aujbau der Ethik ("The
In WahrheU und Evidenz Brentano characterized truth
ed.,
Mayer-Hillebrand,
.
Basis and Structure of Ethics," F
reference to evidence: "Truth pertains to the judgment
by
assumpthe
upon
ethics
his
based
Bern, 1952). Brentano
of the person who judges correctly ... hence it pertains
tion that the members o( the third class of mental pheto the judgment of one who asserts what the person who
nomena, loving and hating, may be said to be correct or
judges with evid e nce would as sert" (p. 130). In addition,
incorrect, just as judgments may be said to be correct or into say that A exists is to say that anyone who judged about
correct. To say that something,_!\, is good is to say that it ') lrl'
with evidence would accept A, and to say that A does not
A
~~I
,
apodictiis
it
is,
that
is impossible to love A incorrectly;
exist is to say that anyone who judged about A with evi / ~ .>
cally to reject incorrect lovers of A Analogously, to say that
dence would reject A The "measure of all things," then, is
rect haters of A
A is bad is apodictically to ga·
the man who judges with evidence.
The only way to grasp the concept of correct emotion,
However, these statements, relating truth to evidence,
emoof
cases
actual
according to Brentano, is to contrast
not give us the whole of Brentano's theory of truth .
do
emotions
of
cases
with
correct"
as
"qualified
are
tions that
"Evident" is said to be predicate in the strict sense of the
that are not. This is analogous to the way in which we
term, but "true" and "exists" are not, being only synseunderstand, for example, what it is to be red and what it is
mantic. This brings us to Brentano's theory of categories.
·
to be colored. Thus we learn that knowledge is good, joy
Theory of categories. The basic theses of Brentano's
enrichment
every
bad),
is
what
in
is good (unless it is joy
theory of categories may be stated as (I) there is nothing
within the realm of ideas is good, love of the ood is ood, IJJI
other than concrete particular things, and (2) every judglove of the a is bad and the ri ht end in life is to choose prr

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The following has been redacted from access file (PDF) due to copyright restrictions.

Photocopy of title page and two pages from McAlister L L (ed) (1976) The philosophy of Brentano,

Duckwort, 36-37. (2 leaves)

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Citation

Richard Sylvan, “Box 59, Item 682: Notes and cuttings on Franz Brentano,” Antipodean Antinuclearism, accessed March 28, 2024, https://antipodean-antinuclearism.org/items/show/149.

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