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207,https://antipodean-antinuclearism.org/items/show/207,"Box 20, Item 2: Draft of Human chauvinism and environmental ethics","Printout of draft, undated. Handwritten on attached leaf to paper: 57-85 Taken out for age. Paper published, Routley R and Routley V (1980) 'Human chauvinism and environmental ethics', in Mannison DS, McRobbie, MA, Routley R (eds) Environmental philosophy, Dept. of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University.","Unnumbered paper from collection, item number assigned by library staff.","Richard Routley^^Val Routley","The University of Queensland's Richard Sylvan Papers UQFL291, Box 20, Item 2","Antipodean Antinuclearism: (Re)constructing Richard Routley/Sylvan's Nuclear Philosophy",,"This item was identified for digitisation at the request of The University of Queensland's 2020 Fryer Library Fellow, Dr. N.A.J. Taylor.","For all enquiries about this work, please contact the Fryer Library, The University of Queensland Library.",,"[1] leaf + [94] leaves. 263.2 MB. ",,Manuscript,"https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:31eb305","Como - [Item not listed with location]","—
?HUMAN CHAUVINISM AND.ENVIRONMENTAL.ETHICS*
Richard and Vai Routley
/
*
.
*
Class chauvinism has been and remains a cardinal weakness of most
.
moral codes - including, so it will°be argued, Western ethics.
*
A most
serious failure 6f Western ethics is its human chauvinism or anthropo^centricism - a chauvinism which emerges in a refined, and apparently more
reds&n*able, form as person chauvinism in much modern ethical theory.
*
w
What is chauvinism?
$
*
Class chauvinism, in the relevant sense, is
sz^Etant^aZ-Z-z/ differential, discriminatory and inferior treatment (by
sufficiently many members of the class) for items outside the class, for
which there is not enff-ZcZen^ justification.
Pnwan chauvinism is class
chauvinism where the class is humans, wuZ-e chauvinism where the class is
human males, an-Z/zzaZ. chauvinism where the class is animals, etc.
It would be bazf, to say the least, if Western ethics, in its various
strands, were to turn out to rest on human, or person, chauvinism.
For
Western ethics would then have no better foundation than, and be open to
the same sorts of objections as, moral codes based on other sorts of
chauvinisms, e.g. on familial, national, sexual, racial or socio-economic
class chauvinism - in particular it would be open to the objection that
This paper (which considerably elaborates R. Routley 'Is There a need
for a new, an environmental, ethic?', Procee^-Znps of Zz/ze XPt/z ^orZ^
Ccnpress of PTz^Z-cscp/zz/, 1 (1973), pp.205-10), was drafted in 1973 and
read in 1974 at the University of Indiana, Bloomington, at Notre Dame
University, and at the Conference on The Good Society held at the
University of Victoria, Canada. Since the main virtue of the paper has
been that it'has generated much interesting discussion, the original
form has been retained, though the authors are no longer especially
happy with the form, and many theses remain insufficiently developed or
defended. But in order not to remove the previous and continuing
criticism, no substantial deletions have been made, even though the
paper has been raided and segments of it presented in improved form
elsewhere, especially (a) R. and V. Routley, 'Against the inevitability
of human chauvinism', in MoraZ P/z-ZZosopTzz/ an<7 t?ze Tzjentp-F-Zrst Centnrz/
(edited by K. Goodpaster and K. Sayre), Notre Dame University Press,
1979, and (b) R. and V. Routley, 'An expensive repair-kit for
utilitarianism', paper presented at the Colloquium on Preferences CTzo^ce
an).
(with j an index,
Special cases of such optimisation modellings are
familiar from engineering and economic applications (e.g. determination
of optimal social welfare in concave programming). What is more general
82
about the model indicated,
is, in particular, the form of constraints
permitted, which can include
that ... Xi ... X2 ...""
bounds for optimals).
deontic constraints, e.g. ""It is forbidden
(which has the effect of putting a subspace out of
Since there is nothing to prevent moral prohibitions,
requirements of fairness, and the like, from appearing among the constraints
ethics, economics, and practical reasoning can in principle be success
fully amalgamated.
The optimisation modelling of general value theory differs
significantly from that of (ideal) utilitarianism.
Although maximization
is fundamental in both, in utilitarianism value is characteristically
replaced by net utility, measured usually in terms of experiential units
of some sort, whereas in general value theory this reduction is rejected.
In each case there is a
of an ethical calculus, but the currency
is different, being values in one case and base class or individual
utilities (units of utility) in the other;
but in both cases the calculus
is so far (equally) unworkable except in very special cases.
In each
case there is an analysis into components of the objective (function)
maximized, but the analysis is very different.
In utilitarianism net
utility is broken down into individual utilities of members of some base
class.
In general value theory such a reduction is rejected (except
perhaps where appropriate hypothetical valuers are admitted);
analysis into factors that carry value is made.
instead an
(But in Moore's ideal
The general model is motivated, explained, illustrated, applied and
defended in Routley (b) and (d) and also in R. Routley, 'The choice of
logical foundations: nonclassical choices and the ultralogical choice',
L<9<2""f [Item not listed with location]",https://antipodean-antinuclearism.org/files/original/e982e570c60865b3674aefbc54296e15.pdf,Text,"Draft Papers",1,0